Muhammad Hossein Boskabadya, , , , Nassim Vahedia, Sediqa Amerya and Mohammad Reza Khakzadb
a Department of Physiology and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 9177948564, Mashhad, Iran
b Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch and Zakaria Research Center, Mashhad, Iran
Received 29 October 2010; revised 6 July 2011; accepted 7 July 2011. Available online 21 July 2011.
Abstract
Ethnomedical relevance
The anti-inflammatory activity of both systemic and local administrations of essential oil from Nigella sativa L. has been shown.
Aim of the study
Therefore, the effect of Nigella sativa on tracheal responsiveness (TR) and lung inflammation of sulfur mustard (SM) exposed guinea pigs was examined.
Materials and methods
Guinea pigs were exposed to diluent solution (control group), inhaled SM (SME group), SME treated with Nigella sativa (SME + N), SME treated with dexamethasone (SME + D) and SME treated with both drugs (SME + N + D), (n = 7 for each group). TR to methacholine, total white blood cell (WBC) and differential WBC count of lung lavage, and serum cytokines were measured 14 days post-exposure.
Results
The values of TR, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, interleukine-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) of SME group were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The TR in SME + N, SME + D and SME + N + D was significantly lower compared to that of SME group (p < 0.01 for all cases). The percentage of eosinophil in SME + D, and the percentage of monocyte in SME + D + N (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) were significantly lower than those in SME group. The neutrophil number was decreased in SME + N and SME + N + D groups compared to SME animals (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). IL-4 levels in serum of SME + N (p < 0.01), SME + D (p < 0.05), SME + N + D (p < 0.01) and IFN-γ in SME + N (p < 0.05) were greater than those in SME animals.
Conclusions
These results showed a preventive effect of Nigella sativa on TR and lung inflammation of SM exposed guinea pigs.
Graphical abstract
Full-size image (26K)
Keywords: Nigella sativa; Dexamethasone; Tracheal responsiveness; Lung inflammation; Sulfur mustard; Guinea pig
Article Outline
1.Introduction
2.Materials and methods
2.1. Plant, extract and drugs
2.2. Sulfur mustard exposure
2.3. Tissue preparations
2.4. Measurement of tracheal responses
2.5. Lung lavage and its white blood cells count
2.6. Measurement of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ levels
2.7. Statistical analysis
3.Results
3.1. Tracheal response to methacholine
3.2. Maximum contractile response to methacholine
3.3. White blood cell count
3.4. Differential count of WBC in lung lavage fluid
3.5. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in serum
a Department of Physiology and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code 9177948564, Mashhad, Iran
b Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch and Zakaria Research Center, Mashhad, Iran
Received 29 October 2010; revised 6 July 2011; accepted 7 July 2011. Available online 21 July 2011.
Abstract
Ethnomedical relevance
The anti-inflammatory activity of both systemic and local administrations of essential oil from Nigella sativa L. has been shown.
Aim of the study
Therefore, the effect of Nigella sativa on tracheal responsiveness (TR) and lung inflammation of sulfur mustard (SM) exposed guinea pigs was examined.
Materials and methods
Guinea pigs were exposed to diluent solution (control group), inhaled SM (SME group), SME treated with Nigella sativa (SME + N), SME treated with dexamethasone (SME + D) and SME treated with both drugs (SME + N + D), (n = 7 for each group). TR to methacholine, total white blood cell (WBC) and differential WBC count of lung lavage, and serum cytokines were measured 14 days post-exposure.
Results
The values of TR, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, interleukine-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) of SME group were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The TR in SME + N, SME + D and SME + N + D was significantly lower compared to that of SME group (p < 0.01 for all cases). The percentage of eosinophil in SME + D, and the percentage of monocyte in SME + D + N (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) were significantly lower than those in SME group. The neutrophil number was decreased in SME + N and SME + N + D groups compared to SME animals (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). IL-4 levels in serum of SME + N (p < 0.01), SME + D (p < 0.05), SME + N + D (p < 0.01) and IFN-γ in SME + N (p < 0.05) were greater than those in SME animals.
Conclusions
These results showed a preventive effect of Nigella sativa on TR and lung inflammation of SM exposed guinea pigs.
Graphical abstract
Full-size image (26K)
Keywords: Nigella sativa; Dexamethasone; Tracheal responsiveness; Lung inflammation; Sulfur mustard; Guinea pig
Article Outline
1.Introduction
2.Materials and methods
2.1. Plant, extract and drugs
2.2. Sulfur mustard exposure
2.3. Tissue preparations
2.4. Measurement of tracheal responses
2.5. Lung lavage and its white blood cells count
2.6. Measurement of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ levels
2.7. Statistical analysis
3.Results
3.1. Tracheal response to methacholine
3.2. Maximum contractile response to methacholine
3.3. White blood cell count
3.4. Differential count of WBC in lung lavage fluid
3.5. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in serum
4.Discussion
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